My life Essay

1.My name is miyuru niwan hettige.I am 28 years old. I was born in Badulla on 10,September,1984.I am the middle in my family. My parents were very happy when i was born. I have one brother and one sister. Brother is elder than me and sister is younger than me. My father was Clark and mother was a teacher. When we were In Monaragala we rented a house. After three years we came to my mother’s home town at Haputhale and built a house there. Since that time we are living In Haputhale. 2.I have done my primary education in B/ Weerakoongama vidyalaya .It is situated in Haldummulla divisional secretariat area. During that period I was very naughty and fight with others. But each term test I was became 1st. In 1995 I was passed year 5 scholarship and I obtain 166 marks as highest marks obtain within the zonal. Then I entered to the Nalanda college Colombo for my secondary education. That is the period which changed my life. Nalanda collage is one of main Buddhist school in Sri Lanka. I was boarded at school’s hostel due to long distance from my home place. At the hostel I learnt how mange myself and. Earlier it was bit harder to adapt to environment and to away from my mother, father, and sister. when I entered to the Nalanda brother also a student there. Because he also entered to the Nalanda College on previous reason of got through from the year 5 scholarships. However I have done lot of extra activities there. I was member of school Hockey and Football team. Same time I was member and vice president of science society. I have done my O/L exam in year 2000 and I got 7 distinction and 3 credit passes. I have done my A/L examination in year 2003 and I got 1 B pass and 02 C passes. Then I followed a driving course in a learner’s school and obtained driving license. At the same time I applied many applications for various occupations. But Luckily I had a chance to join to Sri Lanka Navy. 3.1st February 2005 was the one of unforgettable day of my life. At that day I joined to Sri Lanka navy as officer cadet. There were 40 officer cadets joined with me to the intake of 42.then we were trained for lead the future war. We underwent lot of hard training at that time period. we got a opportunity to on board INS Tharangani we was able to sail from Colombo to Trincimalee. It was five days voyage and we got lots of experience. I was commissioned on 27 April 2007 as Acting sub Lieutenant. During my training period I was 7th in position. 4.After my commissioning I got my 1st appointment as additional officer onboard SLNS Shakthi ship and complete 8 months there .Then I went to India for my sub lieutenant technical course. I had good experience as well as nice chance to interact with foreign officers and share knowledge with them during that period I went to various parts in India for learn various technical subjects. I secured 6th place in academics among 20 other officers. Same time I visited lot of interesting places in India such as Goa city Hyderabad city, saw some waterfall, ect. 5.In 2008 I returned to Sri Lanka and took over appointment as 3rd in command onboard fast attack craft P437. I had a many battle experience during that period. Because final phase of humanitarian operation going on that time. I was serve fast attack craft until end of the war. then I promoted as Lieutenant on 2009and appointed as 2nd in command onboard fast attack. 6.Craft P417, after that I served onboard ship A523 ,ex princes crishsntha which is took over from LTTE. then I obtained my degree certificate from Kelaniya university, as bachelor of Naval studies. It was a result of 3 year training programme including foreign training. It was the highest education certificate I obtained in my career. 7.After complete 4 year service in various crafts and ships I took over my 1st shore appointment which is additional officer SLNS Elara. It is the oldest shore establish in northern peninsula which controlled by Sri Lanka Navy. Firstly I was appointed as officer in charge of sailors advance training school. In addition I have to look after boat officer duties also.SLNS Elara is the one of nice base I ever served. I think it is honour to serve that kind of environment in northern part of Sri Lanka. Other thing is one of famous Buddhist temple situated In that area as well as all the assistance given by this base. I had very good experience during that period. Finally I was appointed as manager of naval sewing centre in Delft Island. It is staff officer appointment and I was under commander northern naval area. It also new experience for me and I have to work with civil girls who are in Delft Island. Normally this type of appointment holds by logistic officers. But as a new concept naval head quarters has decided to appoint executive officers for this appointment. I learned about garment field, How to prepare salary, EPF, ETF, how to deal with cheque, who to prepare account, etc. When I turn back it was many memorable incidents in my life. I ‘ill never forget that day I enter to Nalanda collage.It was turning point of my life. The day I joined Sri Lanka Navy is also memorable for my life. The day that Elam war has ended after 32 years also, one ofthe unforgettable day of my life. I feel proud about my self being part of that humanitarian operation. My father’s expired day was the worst ever experience I ever had. Changed entire my life after that incident. Still painful for remind that incident. Because hero of my life was my beloved father. At that period he was appointed as confidential secretary of examination department. I played many sports during my school period and among them cricket is the favorite game as well as watch cricket is one of my hobby. Other than that I like to visit all over the world. Im still single and expecting to Marie near future.

Child and Young Person Development Cyp3.1.A1: Pattern of Development Essay

  | |The sequence of development is the order in which development occurs. The rate of development is the speed at which development | | |occurs. | | |Every child is unique and will develop at their own rate. Children will usually follow the same pattern of development but the rate | | |at which they reach their milestones may vary depending on the individual and their ability. | | | It is important to recognise the difference so when recording the rate of development you can identify any concerns that you may have| | |within the development area and this allows you to plan effectively for the individual. | | | | | | | | | | | |Birth to 1 month | | |Makes basic distinctions in vision, hearing, smelling, tasting, touch, temperature, and perception of pain | | |Helpless | | |Fed by mother | | | | | |2 months to 3 months | | |Colour perception, visual exploration, oral exploration | | |Sounds: cries, coos, grunts | | |Control of eye muscles | | |Smiles | | | | | |4 months to 6 months | | | Recognises sounds | | |Control of head and arm movements | | |Can grasp objects | | |Rolls over | | |Enjoys being cuddled | | |Can distinguish between familiar people and strangers | | | | | |7 months to 9 months | | |Sits without support | | |Crawls around | | |Has emotional attachment to mother | | |Protests separation from mother | | | | | |10 months to 12 months | | |Control of legs and feet | | |Can stand up | | |Says one or two words and can imitate sounds | | |Responds to simple commands | | |Curious and wanting to explore | | |Has a fear of strangers | | |Responds to own name | | |Gives and takes objects | | | | | | | | |1 year to 1 1/2 years | | |Climb stairs | | |Makes lines on paper with a crayon | | | Upset when separated from mother | | |Feeds himself | | |Repeats a few words | | |Obeys limited commands | | | | | | | | |1 1/2 to 2 years | | |Can run and kicks a ball | | |Can build a 6 cube tower | | |Capable of bowel and bladder control | | |Has a vocabulary of more than 200 words | | |Can throw temper tantrums | | |Does the opposite of what they are told | | | | | | | | |2 years to 3 years | | |Jumps off a step | | |Rides a tricycle | | |Builds a 9-10 cube tower. | | | Starts to use short sentences | | |Differentiates facial expressions of anger, sorrow, and joy. | | |Has a Sense of humour | | |Enjoys playing alongside another child | | | | | | | | |3 years to 4 years | | |Stands on one leg | | |Can draw a circle and a cross | | |Self-sufficient in many routines of home life | | |Likes to share | | |Starts to play with other children | | | | | | | | |4 years to 5 years | | |Skips | | |Broad jumps | | |Dresses themselves | | |Talks clearly and uses adult speech sounds | | |Knows over 2,000 words | | |Understands responsibility and feels guilt | | |Feels pride in accomplishment | | |Prefers to play with other children | | |Becomes competitive | | | | | | | | |6 years of age | | |Can read and write simple text | | | Focus on only one issue at a time when solving problems | | |Become increasingly social | | | | | | | | |7 years to 8 years | | |Begin to show a preference for a certain learning style | | |Like to be involved in some group play, but need time alone, too | | |Have rapidly changing emotions | | |Well-developed speech and use correct grammar most of the time | | | | | | | | |8 years to 10 years | | |Know the complete date (day of the week, day of the month, month, and year) | | |Enjoy being with friends and often have a â€Å"best† friend of the same gender | | |Have speech patterns that are nearly at an adult level | | |Have good control of large and small muscles | | | | | | | | |10 years to 12 years | | |Boys become taller and thinner | | |Girls become taller and more shapely | | | Thinks in a more logical sophisticated way | | |Puberty | | |Interest in the opposite sex | | |Increasing need for privacy | | | | | | | | |12 to 16 years | | |Beginning of adolescents | | |Intense and rapid growth development | | |Builds skills to become self-sufficient | | |May be strongly invested in a single, romantic relationship | | | | | | | | |16 years to 19 years | | |Complete puberty and the physical transition from childhood to adulthood | | |Attain cognitive maturity – the ability to make decisions based on knowledge of options and their consequences | | |Reach nearly their adult height, especially females. Males continue to grow taller into their early twenties | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Puppy Mills

Tiffany Baldeo MWF 8:00-8:50am ENC1101 Informative Essay Puppy Mills, Be gone! Bulldogs on sale! Yorkie puppies available here! Have you ever wondered where all these cheap puppies for sale in pet stores come from? The answer is that they are produced in factory-like environments known as â€Å"puppy mills†. Puppy mills are large-scale dog breeding operations where profit is given priority over the well-being of the dogs. Puppy mills treat dogs like products, not living beings, and usually house them in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions without adequate veterinary care, socialization, or even food and water.The cute puppies for sale at your local mall were probably bred from dogs that don’t play outside or get groomed. Puppy mill dogs are typically kept in cages with wire flooring that injures their paws and legs and cages can be stacked up in a column, which means waste falls on the dogs housed below them. Compromised health and conditions like matting, sores, mang e, severe dental disease and abscesses are often widespread. Many puppy mill puppies are born with or develop overt physical problems that make them unsalable to pet stores, which mean they end up abandoned or just left to die.Many sick puppies do manage to end up at pet stores, though, where the new puppy owner unknowingly purchases the sick dog. Breeding dogs at the mills sometimes spend their entire lives outdoors, exposed to the elements, or crammed inside filthy structures. When a parent at a puppy mill is no longer able to produce, the dog may be given to the nearest shelter, abandoned, or even destroyed. Also, because the puppies produced in puppy mills do not have safe and healthy homes selected for them ahead of time, if they are not purchased by the time they hit a certain age, they may suffer the same fate.Female dogs usually have little to no recovery time between bearing litters. When, after a few years, the females can no longer reproduce or when their breed goes out o f style, the dogs are often abandoned, shot, or starved until they eventually die. Many pet stores with cute puppies for sale will tell you that they don't get their puppies from puppy mills. They'll say their puppies are all from â€Å"USDA licensed breeders. † If you dig a little deeper into what that actually means, you'll find that it's not worth much. The standards of care required by the USDA are woefully inadequate and not what most of us would consider humane.They leave a lot of room for dogs to be severely mistreated. Even if they were adequate, they're not enforced. Take a look at a scathing report done by the Inspector General on USDA's lax enforcement of the law regulating breeders and judge for yourself whether USDA licensing of puppy mills is enough to make you shop at stores that sell puppies. In fact, you only have to be licensed by USDA as a commercial breeder if you are selling puppies to pet stores or brokers. So USDA licensure is actually a pretty good ind icator that the breeders are, in fact, puppy mills.Small hobby breeders, who sell their dogs directly to the public, including those who only sell their puppies online, do not have to be licensed or inspected by USDA. Don’t support the industry. Most pet shop puppies come from puppy mills, and so do most dogs sold over the Internet. Pet shop puppies are separated from their mother at as young as six weeks of age. The health of the puppies is not always guaranteed. Purchasing a puppy for sale at a pet store or online often supports the horrible puppy mill industry. Buying anything in pet stores that sell puppies supports the industry, too.Buy all your pet supplies, toys, pet food, and kitty litter, from stores that do not sell puppies, or buy your pet supplies online from websites that do not sell puppies. Breeders or owners of large kennels are supposed to adhere to regulations and follow protocol when it comes to their business and the wellbeing of the animals that are in th eir facilities. The puppy mills project states that of the 3,000 USDA licensed breeding facilities, a large number of them have violations that go unpunished and led to the maltreatment of the animals behind the walls.The United States government should be making more strides to help the animals that must endure these horrific living conditions. The Animal Bill of Rights is being used by the Animal legal defense Club to show that there is a large amount of support that is going towards the promotion of more strict animal rights. They also need to help congress come up with harsher punishments for the people that feel that they are above the law and do not need to follow the laws when it comes to animals and abuse.The Fund also states in their website that in the United States about 45 states including the District of Columbia have a type of felony level animal cruelty provision which may be in forced in cases of animal fighting or death of an animal. States need to take a closer loo k at the puppy mill facilities or â€Å"breeding kennels† and take more drastic measures against people who violate regulations. It is not fair to the animals that they have to live in such conditions that can make them sick and feel unloved.

Construction contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Construction contract - Essay Example The implementation of the NEC contracts has resulted in great benefits in terms of time, money and quality both nationally and internationally. The NEC documents are essentially different in approach to many other procurement contracts. This approach is seen in the drafting of the contract. Where the traditional approach to a contract showed the adversarial relationship between the client and the contractor, the NEC approach to contracts promotes a collaborating approach that has a consistent record of submitting projects in the given time, and on budget (Bennett and Baird, p30). The NEC is a unit of standard contracts with three key characteristics that exist in each document. Firstly, it promotes good management and shows the relationship and the work between the two parties in the contract. Secondly, the NEC can be used for a variety of commercial situations as they support a variety of types of work regardless of the location. Lastly, NEC is a clear and simple contract which is drafted in easy language and simple words so that it is easy to understand for all parties. The contract in regard of the whole project comes with notes for guidance and flowcharts showing the details of the procedure of the project (Gibson, p77). Compensation events are those events that lead the contractor to be compensated for any change in price and as well as the completion date, if that event is not the contractor’s fault. The consequence of the compensation event is that the contractor has to allow additional payment and additional time. In some rare cases, these compensation events may also result in reduced payments. The basis on which the contractor is paid for the compensation event is the actual and forecast cost of the project. All the compensation events are mentioned in the contract under the core clauses where the contractor and

Issues in Gumdrop Northern Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Issues in Gumdrop Northern - Essay Example In the later stages, the US military began to understand the different problems from the gumdrop northern and the department of justice and the lawyers came involved in the issue and the leaders were going down the barrels of the prosecution.The authorities of the management became aware of the fact and as the judiciary duties have to be fulfilled. The company had to face certain legal issues regarding the employees as they were at the edge of bankruptcy, In order to maintain the stand in the market the company had fired out the employees for no reasons and the people had to suffer a lot because of the issue. As the company was bankrupted and as they have build rapport with the countries like Argentina and Columbia where the company assets had been transferred to banks in Argentina and which assured customers with good finance which can make them free from creditors.   Exporting of landmines to Afghanistan and Iran in contradiction to the international law and treaty. The supply of the defective land mines to Afganistan and the defective switches of them caused the death of soldiers and children. Ethics engage in the area of interpersonal, group, and community policy at the different levels in the organization and the outcome of the achievement of the result. The ethics is the complex process in the organization. There are different ethical issues in the organization gumdrop, the gumdrop is the organization with the annual revenue of about $500 billion and as the revenue and the outcome are considered they are found to be good performing company, but unlike to the ethical practices the company had  a problems in the product even though they had a good payment been done for its body armor and armored vehicles, the company also uses various substandard products for its manufacturing.

Minimum Wage in WA Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Minimum Wage in WA - Coursework Example The Supreme Court in the U.S. ruled out various attempts brought forth by labor unions in the view of establishing a minimum wage that would be mandatory for all employers. The court insisted that such a move would restrict the right of the worker to create a price value for his or her own labor. As a result, the workers continued to face exploitation from their employees throughout the 1930s when the Great Depression was at its peak. The employee wages dropped lower during the same period in response to the increased demand for jobs (Rayback, 2008). Due to the increase in national poverty, President Roosevelt vowed to offer protection to the workers through the constitution during his 1936 campaigns (Rayback, 2008). The president kept his promise when he went into office by assenting to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and signing it into law in 1938. The minimum wage had been instituted by the congress in 1938 as a component of the Fair Labour Standards Act (FLSA) with the minimum wage set at 25 cents for every hour. The last change in the national minimum wage occurred in 2007, where it was increased in steps by the congress from $5.15 to $7.25 per hour in 2009. However, different states, including Washington, have established their own local systems of minimum wage, which is higher than the rate established by the federal government. Case in point, Washington offers the highest rate of the minimum wage at $9.47 per hour. The table below shows the changes in the Washington State minimum wage since 1961 (Washington Sate Dep artment of Labor and Industries, 2015). In terms of inflation based buying power, there have been considerable variations in the minimum wage for the last over sixty years. In 2013, it averaged at $6.60 per hour in terms of purchasing power in dollars (Sherk, 2013). Nevertheless, it had ranged between $3.09 per hour as exhibited in

Mitochondria, Chromosome, and Plant Structures Assignment

Mitochondria, Chromosome, and Plant Structures - Assignment Example The outer membrane can fuse with Endoplasmic Reticulum to form Mitochondria associated ER- membrane that helps in calcium signaling and lipid transfer. b) The intermembrane space is the region between the outer membrane and the inner membrane. Due to the permeability, of the outer membrane, the concentration of sugars and ions in the intermembrane space should be similar to that of the cytosol (Stansfield 89). The main function of this compartment is oxidative phosphorylation. c) The inner membrane contains a lot of proteins that perform different function. It has a very high protein to phospholipid ratio of 3:1. The proteins in this compartment include ATP synthase that produces ATP in the matrix, transport proteins that control the passage of metabolites in and out of the matrix and those that are involved in oxidative phosphorylation. d) The cristae are numerous compartments in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is studded with enzymes such as ATPsynthase and cytochromes (Stansfield 92). Their function is to expand the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane to facilitate for better production of ATP. e) The matrix is a component of the mitochondria that is enclosed by the inner membrane. It contains most of protein in a mitochondrion. This compartment is important in the generation of ATP. There are numerous enzymes, mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial ribosomes contain in the matrix. 2) Chromosomes are well arranged structures of DNA and protein found in the cells of most living organisms. During the life of a cell, chromosomes elongate and are easily visible under a microscope. Before a cell divides through mitosis, each chromosome duplicates during the S phase of cell cycle. a) On the onset of mitosis, the duplicate chromosomes condense into short structures called dyads. The chromatids condense to about 5 Um in the metaphase. The chromosomes assemble on the metaphase plate that is equidistant to the poles (Stansfield

Future Goals and Reasons for Choosing the DNP Program Essay

Future Goals and Reasons for Choosing the DNP Program - Essay Example I would like to contribute in improvement of this situation. I also believe that the doctorate will put me at an advantage economically, more so because it will increase the enumeration which I will receive. I also believe that there will be high chances of obtaining scholarships in this program to enable me become a professor in the field. The program is relatively new and has room for accommodating individuals like myself in its line. Leadership in my view is an essential part of any nursing career path. I intend on continuing to develop my leadership skills through ongoing educational pursue and via taking greater positions of responsibility. My current position as a Captain with the United States Army reserves has allowed me to put leadership knowledge into practice. I also feel that the DNP program will further enhance these skills. I see myself as someone with wide and diverse knowledge in advanced practice with the ability to link classroom studies with clinical challenges. I also envision myself with the ability to integrate all the knowledge I will have obtained up to that level into my area of expertise in the health industry. I also believe that I will be able to research into various quarters that have been the cause of discrepancies in the health industry. Besides this, I will be able to cooperate with other fields of the profession to achieve effectiveness as a practioner. Some of the fields that I picture myself working with include administration and education. As I have taken on more responsibilities, I have become more cognizant of some of the problems with our health care system, and I plan to become more active toward creating and influencing a positive change. For example, I plan to advocate and to fight hard to force policy makers to take decisive steps to move today's bureaucracy driven, heavily regulated third-party payment system to a new patient-centered system of consumer choice and real market competition. I also envision myself as a competent manager of health care. This implies that I will have the ability to merge all the legal, ethical and professional requirements and standards during service provision. I believe that I will be able to provide adequate healthcare for all patients that I will deal with. This will be regardless of their background as I am ready to work and have worked with diverse population groupings during my practice. My position as a correctional nurse and a captain with the 6250th medical hospital, has given me the opportunity to work with a variety of patients from many cultures and backgrounds. I feel that this experience has enriched me and has allowed me to provide culturally sensitive care to the patients that I am entrusted to serve. Lastly, I envision my role as one who will be able to deliver changes in the field of healthcare delivery. I intend on doing this by affecting health policies in the industry and changing the attitude of service delivery. Professional experiences that contributed to nursing I will complete my bachelor's degree in nursing from Washington State University in May 2008. I also have a master degree from Chapman University in Clinical Psychology. Before I became a

Patterns Withing Systems of Linear Equations Math Problem

Patterns Withing Systems of Linear Equations - Math Problem Example The usual letter for the unknown number is. A real problem can be written as: This is called an equation because there is a sign. In order to find the value of the unknown number, algebra’s rules can do whatever it likes to this equation as long as it does the same to both sides of the equation. So far it has had equation with a single unknown number. What if it has two unknown numbers? In fact, an equation with two unknown has an infinite numbers of pairs of answer. To fix a single pair of number as the answer, it needs another equation. A pair of equation, each with two unknown numbers is called simultaneous equations. They can be solved together to give the values for the unknowns that satisfy both equations simultaneously. This paper contains a mathematical research about systems of linear equation when their coefficients obey arithmetic or geometric progressions. An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers where each number is a certain among larger than the previo us one. The numbers in the sequence are said to increase by a common difference, d. For example: is an arithmetic progression where the. The term of this sequence is. On the other hand, a geometric progression is a sequence where each number is times larger than the previous one. is known as the common ratio of the progression. The term of a geometric progression, where is the first term and is the common ratio, is: . For example, in the following geometric progression, the first term is , and the common ratio is : the term is therefore. The purpose of this portfolio is to show how with the aid of technology using appropriate computer software likes Autograph and Maxima packages (see Figure 1) is quick and easy to get graphical representations of algebraic equations. Thus, how in many situations, the graphs offers much more insight into the problem than does the algebra. Part A will consider the patterns within systems of linear equations:, where and are in arithmetic progression. W hile, in Part B the same coefficients obey geometric progression. Part A. System of linear equations formed with arithmetic progressions. Arithmetic progressions In algebra, letters are used in place of numbers that are not known. The usual letter for the unknown numbers are or . . The numbers are constants in an equation, for example: For instance in the above equation, and are known as constants in the equation. It says that the constant and form a arithmetic progression if they have a common difference, such as: Constants in a system of linear equations Given the system of linear equations. The coefficients are detected as follow: Examining the first equation, it sees a pattern in the constants of the equation. i.e. is the constant preceding the variable , and precede and the equation equals 3. The constant have a common dif

Categorical imperative Essay Example for Free

Categorical imperative Essay Immanuel Kant believed in utilitarianism, which is the moral philosophy that says we should act in such ways as to make the greatest number of people happy as possible. This is why he introduced the categorical imperative. As a moral law, it is a command that is unqualified and not dependent on any conditions or qualifications. In short, it tells us to act in such a way that we would want everyone else to act the same way. In the circumstance where I am considering stealing a book when no one is looking, how would I decide whether the act is immoral or not? By using Kant’s categorical imperative, I first have to generalize my action. I have to wonder what would happen if everyone in the world did what I was doing would it begin to contradict itself. If everyone in the world was to steal a book when no one is looking, then there would be no point in selling books in the first place since no one in the world is willing to make a purchase. The book tells us that for Kant, this result is enough to show that the intended action is immoral and irrational. On the other hand, if a certain scenario was to not contradict from generalization, you would then ask yourself if you are willing to live in a world where everyone did that particular act. For example, I see someone who is in dire need of help. The cost of helping this person is little to none, but I still find myself unwilling to help him. First, let’s generalize that situation. Imagine a world where everyone was unwilling to lend a hand when someone was in a situation of extreme need. That kind of world is actually imaginable, and it doesn’t contradict itself in anyway. However, when I ask the question, â€Å"Would I want to live in a world like that? † the answer will always be no. That would be a horrifying world to live in. I could be dying and in need for someone to call the ambulance and no one would stop and help. Therefore, through Kant’s way of reasoning and thinking, this action is also immoral. Utilitarianism focuses around making the majority happy. As a strong believer in utilitarianism, Kant introduced the imperative predicament which in short required an individual to act the way he or she would want everyone else in the world to act. Stealing a book is not something an individual would want everyone in the world to do. Which is why Kant would believe that it is immoral.

Literature Review About IPS And IDS Computer Science Essay

Literature Review About IPS And IDS Computer Science Essay In this chapter is to provide the study and review about Intrusion Detection System and Intrusion Prevention System which have done by expert and professor. According to (Tony Bradley, 2004), intrusion detection system (IDS) is to monitor traffic and monitor for suspicious activity. And it will give alerts to network administrator and the system. And IDS also will respond to malicious traffic by taking action to block the user or the IP address from accessing to the network. According to (Ameya Talwalkar, Symantec Manager of Intrusion Prevention Systems), Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is a protection technology to provide security of the network. It is the front line to defence against malware, Trojans, Dos attacks, malicious code transmission, backdoor activity and blended threats. The next section will present the details of Intrusion Prevention System (IPS). Figure 1.1 is the flowchart of the key points in literature review about IPS and IDS. What is IPS What is IDS Literature review What is HIDS What is HIPS What is NIPS What is NIDS Identify Pros Cons Which are better to prevent threats Figure 1.1: Classifying the literature review 2.2 Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) There are some benefits have been justified Intrusion Prevention System as a breakthrough in the computer security. According to (Neil Desai, 2003), the main supporting idea on technical side of Intrusion Prevention System is inline network-based system. Besides that, there also have another variation of IPS which is called Layer 7 switches that have include detection and migration of Distributed Denial-if-Service attack (DDoS) and Denial-of-Service attack (DoS) based on awareness of the traffic. Every Intrusion Prevention System will generate alert based on policy or signature and they also will initiate a response which have been programmed into the system. These aleart will happen as a result for a signature match or violation of uniqueness. Secondly, according to (Benjamin Tomhave, 2004) there have a reports have identifies most of the Intrusion Detection System also have been include Intrusion Prevention System capabilities. It given a good defines set of signature or policies. So it makes sense for Intrusion Detection System work with Intrusion Prevention System capabilities. At the end, a successful deployment and the return on the investment will directly relate to how well to manage the solution and how well the network has been design. Thirdly, according to (Joel Esler, Andrew R.Baker, 2007) stated that Intrusion Prevention System are more in defence. It has been design to detect malicious packets inside the normal traffic and stop intrusions dead. And automatically block all the unwanted traffic before it bring any damage to the system rather than giving alert before or after the malicious packets have been delivered. Fourthly, Intrusion Prevention System has been added to existing firewall and antivirus solution. According to (Karen Scarfone, Peter Mell, 2007) Intrusion Prevention System is to monitor traffic and automatically drop the packets which has included malicious, scrutinizing suspicious sessions or taking other actions in immediate real time response to an attack. A good Intrusion Prevention device will check all inbound and outbound traffic. It can check on all types of packets and performs many type of detection analysis, which is a not only individual packet. It also needs to check on traffic pattern, view each of the transaction in the context of the packets come before and after. Lastly, Intrusion Prevention System product should take the advantages and implement some new detection technique and offer other type of intervention method. According to (Joel Esler, Andrew R.Baker, 2007) Intrusion Prevention System products should provide multiple modes of operation for user to choose, so they can become more confident in the product or change their network security policies. There are two types of ISP which are HIPS and NIPS. Host-based Intrusion Prevention (HIPS) is an application which monitors a single host for suspicious activity. Network-based Intrusion Prevention (NIPS) is to analyze protocol activity on the entire network. The next section will discusses about HIPS and NIPS. 2.2.1 Host-based Intrusion Prevention System (HIPS) According to (Dinesh Sequeira, 2002), Host-based Intrusion Prevention System is a software program install on individual system such as laptop, workstations or servers. When it detected an attack, the Host-based Intrusion Prevention System will block the attack at network interface level or tell the application or operating system to prevent the attack. Secondly, according to (NSS Group, 2004) Host-based Intrusion Prevention Systems relies on agents installed directly on the system being protected. Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems are binds closely with the operating system kernel and services, monitoring and intercepting system calls to the kernel or APIs in order to prevent attacks as well as records them. It may also monitor data streams and the environment specific to a particular application (file locations and Registry settings for a Web server) in order to protect these applications from generic attacks which signature has not yet exists in the database. Lastly, according to (Neil Desai, 2003) Host-based Intrusion Prevention Systems are used to protect both servers and workstations through software that runs between the systems applications and OS kernel. The software can be reconfigured to determine the protection rules based on intrusion and attack signatures. The Host-based Intrusion Prevention Systems will catch suspicious activity on the system and then, depending on the predefined rules, it will either block or allow the event to happen. At the next section, we will discuss about Network-based Intrusion Prevention (NIPS) and intrusion detection system (IDS). 2.2.2 Network-based Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS) Network Intrusion Prevention Systems (NIPS) are totally operating on a different concept which serves the purpose to build hardware or software platforms that are designed to analyze, detect, and report on security related events. Network Intrusion Prevention Systems are designed to inspect traffic and based on their configuration or security policy, they can drop malicious traffic as well as prevent the network from being contaminated with malicious data such as virus and worms. Network-based Intrusion Protection System able to detect malicious packets which are design to overlook by firewall filtering rules. Intrusion Prevent System is not a replacement for firewall but it is one part in the intelligent firewall. It is used to increase system specific or network wide security. The advantages of Network-based Intrusion Prevention System discussed as follows: NIPS reduce Constant Monitoring NIPS is an inline network device NIPS perform deep packet inspection NIPS as a tool to prevent attacks Tony Bradley, (2004), [Online] http://netsecurity.about.com/cs/hackertools/a/aa030504.htm [Accessed 5th March 2004] Jonathan Hassell, (2005), [Online] http://searchenterprisedesktop.techtarget.com/news/column/0,294698,sid192_gci1089830,00.html [Accessed 19th May 2005] Neil Desai, (2003), [Online] http://www.symantec.com/connect/articles/intrusion-prevention-systems-next-step-evolution-ids [Accessed 27th February 2003] Benjamin Tomhave, (2004), [Online] http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:ZlxT5m72JZwJ:falcon.secureconsulting.net/papers/218-Research-Paper-FINAL.pdf+Benjamin+Tomhave+2004+IPS+articlehl=engl=mypid=blsrcid=ADGEEShEwpU07d-WvGPhlP3rIASlIyrH0CbGBjGBseUptTNHYRFqaApljgqESo9QEftMQHf3CApOji91saq_gEj-ZlLMXx3aPBS6SckaoJrzVwPiZBwTQ6gcpoHaH0ER-l4_ygilLw9asig=AHIEtbS-NuLUg635h_DHoKW8qafXwRwJUw [Accessed 10th November 2004] Joel Esler, Andrew R.Baker, (2007), Snort IDS and IPS Toolkit, [Online] http://books.google.com.my/books?id=M9plZZxJB_UCpg=PR3dq=Snort+IDS+and+IPS+Toolkit:+IDS+and+IPS+toolkithl=enei=_yDETK7iDM34cYK6la4Fsa=Xoi=book_resultct=book-preview-linkresnum=2ved=0CDYQuwUwAQ#v=onepageq=Snort%20IDS%20and%20IPS%20Toolkit%3A%20IDS%20and%20IPS%20toolkitf=false [Accessed 1st February 2007) Karen Scarfone, Peter Mell, (2007), Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) , [Online] http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-94/SP800-94.pdf [Accessed February 2007] NSS Group, (2004), Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), [Online] http://hosteddocs.ittoolbox.com/BW013004.pdf [Accessed January 2004] Dinesh Sequeira (2002), Intrusion Prevention System à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Securityà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Silver Bullet?, [Online] http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:OK14t-hsmQAJ:www.sans.org/reading_room/papers/%3Fid%3D366+Intrusion+Prevention+Systems:+Security%27s+Silver+Bullet%3Fhl=engl=mypid=blsrcid=ADGEEShhB2J1ArllgI1mGNhp91RCpNpSf0t7BGUQtWPwmISpe3xmaTI0ym-Bh0Thlq2Gmoq9K6vRKN7xBKphn_fwCgUFaPej_NetBAPccgZXY0wSVyFAlLzsNkMwZjqSdn4XEdxAybctsig=AHIEtbQqUFej4tL8ln14oplPfky7GGstMA [Accessed 2002]

Tipi Tales Analysis

Tipi Tales Analysis Mahealani Subad As children grow, we try to teach them certain values that will help them later in life to become good human beings. Some of the teachings can be taught from children shows as they show scenarios of life lessons, such as honesty, through characters that children attach themselves too. In the children show Tipi Tales (Oswald 2002), it presents children with life lessons and stories that based upon Indigenous culture through puppeteer work. With the children show ended in 2007, it taught lessons, specifically Ojibwe teachings, and converting some of the values from those teachings into characters to make the show relatable to younger audiences (Ojibwe Teachings The 7 Grandfathers). The show was seen as a way to present Indigenous culture to Canadian children in a way to connect the indigenous community with prime-time television as it was mainly shown on the popular television station Treehouse (Course Entertainment 2002). Within the show, Tipi Tales (Oswald 2002) follows four cousins of Indigenous descent who visit their great-grandparents where they are taught life lessons from various characters who resemble Ojibwe teachings. In the childrens show, there are seven animal characters, in which, each of the animal characters correspond with the Ojibwe teaching of the Seven Grandfather Teachings (Ojibwe Teachings The 7 Grandfathers). The Seven Grandfather Teachings are the ethical values of the Ojibwe people, which consists of humility, bravery, honesty, wisdom, truth, respect and love (Ojibwe Teachings The 7 Grandfathers).ÂÂ   These values that the Ojibwe had set was apart of their oral traditions that have been passed down by elders within the community (Verbos and Humphries 2013). The values were told through story that conveyed the meaning of how human beings should behave whether if it is towards each other or the Earth (Verbos and Humphries 2013). An example of the values and the relation i t has with human beings and the Earth would be respect as it attaches itself to all creations such as nature, creatures and people (Verbos and Humphries 2013). In indigenous culture, nature is not seen as an object, but as a living thing, in which, indigenous people believe that the Earth should not be treated or be exploited by human beings at the expense of other forms of life (Verbos and Humphries 2013). The way Tipi Tales portray these values sets them in an understanding that children can comprehend the meaning of each lesson taught within each episode of the show. However, when analyzing the show, I did not comprehend the Indigenous origins of the values that were being portrayed within the show. Although the show involved an indigenous family and had undertones of Indigenous music during the title sequence, I had to look further into learning about the 7 Grandfather teachings to truly understand the indigenous origins behind the show. Nonetheless, with the exclusion of the extensive research to understand the origin of values taught within Tipi Tales, it does create a cultural outreach to Canadian audiences as there are not many children shows that present an indigenous culture or identity on prime-time television. As mentioned before, Tipi Tales was one of the two shows, along side The Mole Sisters, to present the rich and oral traditions of Canadas Aboriginal community and our strong literary traditions on Canadian prime-time television (Course Entertainment 2002). By making the decision of adding a children show based upon Indigenous teachings, it can be seen as respectable allowing diversity into younger audiences entertainment as the show is shares the values of the Seven Grandfather Teachings of the Ojibwe people. The show can be a starting point into introducing Indigenous culture to children as there are aspects of the culture that everyone can learn from, especially as an adult as life can be construed fr om the mistreatment and exploitation that we see often that effects the Earth or our everyday lives. Upon researching the children show, Tipi Tales, I had only heard of the show and watched some of the episode as a child not putting any thought into the show as it seemed like any other children show that taught life lessons of how to be kind and to treat others the way they wanted to be treated. However, with taking another look at the show, it presents a deeper meaning as the show introduces life lessons in the perspective of Indigenous culture where the whole show is based upon the Seven Grandfather Teachings of love, honesty, bravery, wisdom, humility, truth, and respect. All values a child must learn and with the extent that the values can be applied to nature as it is seen as animated. Bibliography Ojibwe Teachings The 7 Grandfathers. Anishinabek Bumadizone:An Ojibwe Peoples Resource. Accessed March 18, 2017. http://ojibweresources.weebly.com/ojibwe-teachingsthe-7-grandfathers.html. Tipi Tales. Directed by Lesley Oswald. By Nancy Trites Botkin. Performed by Herbie Barnes, Jane Skene, Rebecca Gibson, Ryan Rajendra Black, Michelle St. John, and Jules Desjarlais. 2002. Treehouse TV Brings Canadas Literary and Aboriginal Oral Traditions to Television for Young Viewers. Corus Entertainment. 2002. Accessed March 20, 2017. http://www.corusent.com/news/treehouse-tv-brings-canadas-literary-and-aboriginal-oral-traditions-to-televison-for-young-viewers/. Verbos, Amy Klemm, and Maria Humphries. A Native American Relational Ethic: An Indigenous Perspective on Teaching Human Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics 123, no. 1 (2013): 1-9. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1790-3.

Aristotle Essay -- essays research papers

Aristotle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the possible exception of Plato, Aristotle is the most influential philosopher in the history of logical thought. Logic into this century was basically Aristotelian logic. Aristotle dominated the study of the natural sciences until modern times. Aristotle, in some aspect, was the founder of biology; Charles Darwin considered him as the most important contributor to the subject. Aristotle’s Poetic, the first work of literary notice, had a string influence on the theory and practice of modern drama. Aristotle’s great influence is due to the fact that he seemed to offer a system, which although lacked in certain respects, was as a whole matchless in its extent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aristotle was born in 384 BC in Stagira in northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, was a physician with close connections to the Macedonian court. In 367, Aristotle went to Athens to join Plato’s Academy, first as a student then, a teacher. Plato had gathered around him a group of outstanding men who shared no common belief but who were united by the exact effort to organize human knowledge on a firm theoretical basis and expand it in all directions. This effort identified Aristotle’s own work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was also part of the Academy’s program to train young men for a political career and to provide advice to rulers. After Plato’s death, Aristotle joined the court of Hermias of Atarneus in 347, and later went to the c...

Free College Admissions Essays: I am a Dynamic Figure :: College Admissions Essays

I am a Dynamic Figure    I am a dynamic figure, often seen scaling walls and crushing ice. I have been known to remodel train stations on my lunch breaks, making them more efficient in the area of heat retention. I translate ethnic slurs for Cuban refugees, I write award-winning operas, I manage time efficiently. Occasionally, I tread water for three days in a row.    I woo women with my sensuous and godlike trombone playing, I can pilot bicycles up severe inclines with unflagging speed, and I cook Thirty-Minute Brownies in twenty minutes. I am an expert in stucco, a veteran in love, and an outlaw in Peru.       Using only a hoe and a large glass of water, I once single-handedly defended a small village in the Amazon Basin from a horde of ferocious army ants. I play bluegrass cello, I was scouted by the Mets, I am the subject of numerous documentaries. When I'm bored, I build large suspension bridges in my yard. I enjoy urban hang gliding. On Wednesdays, after school, I repair electrical appliances free of charge.       I am an abstract artist, a concrete analyst, and a ruthless bookie. Critics worldwide swoon over my original line of corduroy evening wear. I don't perspire. I am a private citizen, yet I receive fan mail. I have been caller number nine and have won the weekend passes. Last summer I toured New Jersey with a traveling centrifugal-force demonstration. I bat .400. My deft floral arrangements have earned me fame in international botany circles. Children trust me.       I can hurl tennis rackets at small moving objects with deadly accuracy. I once read Paradise Lost, Moby Dick, and David Copperfield in one day and still had time to refurbish an entire dining room that evening. I know the exact location of every food item in the supermarket. I have performed several covert operations for the CIA. I sleep once a week; when I do sleep, I sleep in a chair. While on vacation in Canada, I successfully negotiated with a group of terrorists who had seized a small bakery. The laws of physics do not apply to me.       I balance, I weave, I dodge, I frolic, and my bills are all paid.

Peace Essay

Christianity and Islam have similar teachings on peace and it is evident that there is a strong relationship between these fundamental teachings and the ways in which the religious traditions and their organizations actively strive towards world peace. World peace is understood in both faiths, not just as an absence of violence and conflict, but also as an overall sense of wellbeing and social cohesion. Inner peace is essential in achieving world peace, and must be attained in order to work towards peace at a higher level. Christianity teaches that peace is Christ’s parting gift and a concept that begins with Him, â€Å"Peace I leave with you; My peace I give you† (John 14:27). The Catholic peace movement â€Å"Pax Christi† stands for the ‘peace of Christ’ and has launched a policy for a culture of peace and non-violence. â€Å"Pax Christi† uses the teaching of the peace of Christ to guide them, calling adherents to state that they are recognizing their responsibility to â€Å"respect life†¦practice active non-violence [and] defend freedom† (Pax Christi International Manifesto for a Culture of Peace and Non Violence 1999) in order to contribute to the achievement of world peace. Islam teaches that peace can only be attained through the submission to Allah’s will. One is able to submit to Allah through the process of jihad, which is to struggle to overcome the obstacles in the way of submission, or the process of Shahada. The Sufism movement provides Muslims with a path to follow in order to contribute to the attainment of world peace through 3 stations. These mirror the teaching that peace can only be found in Allah, encouraging the submission as the initial step in moving towards world peace, â€Å"Submitting our†¦bodies to Allah is Sufism† (Sufism Equals to Islam). The teaching of submission and anticipation of pleasing Him, establishes a Muslims role in actively working towards achieving world peace. The Quakers are a Christian denomination that follows the principal teaching of pacifism, as modelled by Jesus’ ministry. Christ’s teaching of the Beatitudes is fundamental in guiding the Quakers, especially in â€Å"Blessed are the peacemakers† (Matthew 5:9). The Quakers work towards world peace through things such as rallies and marches for peace and justice, as well as campaigning and raising awareness about social justice and supporting those looking for an alternative to violence. The Quaker’s choice to refrain from war to contribute to world peace can be seen by their silent vigils against war, such as that in King George Square. In 1660, the Quakers presented â€Å"A Declaration from the Harmless and Innocent†¦Quakers†, which has been the basis for the Quaker’s peace testimony in which they strive towards attaining world peace. Rufus Jones, a Quaker, stated that Quakers have an â€Å"obligation to assist and to forward movements and forces which make for peace in the world† (The Quaker Peace Position). Peace is a fundamental aim of Islam and teaches that war is only permitted to overcome oppression and tyranny. The Qur’an teaches that â€Å"whosoever killed a soul†¦it is as if he had killed all mankinds† (Al-Madiah 5:32). However, this is overlooked due to common misconceptions about the Islamic faith, especially due to exploitation by the media. After the violent aftermath of the London bombings in 2005, the NSW Islamic Council stated on their website, â€Å"We firmly hold the view that these killings and atrocities have absolutely no sanction in Islam†¦terrorism†¦has no support from†¦the Islamic community†¦and would never be endorsed†. Partnerships exist between Muslim, Jewish and Christian organizations so that their voices aren’t overlooked, for example the 1991 ‘Prayer for Peace’ in which it was asked, â€Å"Forgive our violence towards each other†. Even though overlooked by the media, Muslims work tirelessly towards world peace. Christianity expresses that justice must come before peace is achieved. In 1972, in the World Day of Peace Message, the Catholic Pope Paul VI said, â€Å"If you want peace, act for Justice†. Accordingly, the Decade to Overcome Violence (DOV), seek peace, justice and reconciliation. In a report titled, â€Å"Called Together to be Peacemakers†, Catholics and Mennonites hoped to work together to assist the WCC’s DOV, stating, â€Å"Our similar identities as ‘peace churches’†¦our commitment to be followers†¦of Jesus Christ†¦Prince of Peace. † They quote John Paul II in the World Day of Peace (2002), â€Å"no peace without justice†, adding, â€Å"in the absence of justice†¦peace is a mirage†¦justice is an inseparable companion of peace† (CTBP 177). It is evident, the relationship between the doctrine of justice before peace, and then the actions to chieve this to strive towards world peace. The Qur’an teaches that, â€Å"Allah guides those†¦to the ways of peace†¦and guides them to a straight path† (5:16), often termed ‘the paths of peace’. This teaching of being guided on a path of peace is demonstrated by the organization Muslim Peace Fellowship, declaring on their website that their main objectives are to â€Å"work together with all people of good will to keep open the straight path† and to â€Å"work against injustice and for peace†¦in our world† (Muslim Peace Fellowship Blog). This organization actively seek world peace through the use of conferences, publications, speeches and interreligious action, as well as interior work and prayer. Evidently, principal teachings in both Christianity and Islam help to guide and encourage both their roles in the attainment of world peace. The fundamental teachings act as guidelines to be interpreted by current followers in order to play a role in the triumph of world peace. There is a strong correlation between the theoretical principal teachings and he actions performed by leaders and adherents to gain peace at a world level.

Communication in Children / Young People Essay

Speech, language and communication play a vital role in our lives. Without being able to talk to, and understand other people we can’t do things alike: Almost everything we do involves speech, language and or communication Children develop communication skills from birth. They rely on speech, language and communication to be able to learn at school and play with their friends. They need these skills to reach their full potential. Children begin to understand words before they can say them. They then learn how to say these words and how to put them together to make sentences. Some develop quickly, while others may take longer. Being able to say what you want? and to understand what others are saying are the most important skills we need in life. Yet many people take communication for granted. For some children and young people, communicating with others is difficult and they have speech, language and communication needs – SLCN. This short essay outlines the importance of communication at school, and provides information about SLCN and highlights ways through which a better environment can be structured to facilitate better communication and how those who support them need to understand their difficulties and their ways of communicating. What is (SLCN)? The term speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) encompass a wide range of difficulties related to all aspects of communication in children and young people. These? can include difficulties with fluency, forming sounds and words, formulating sentences, understanding what others say, and using language socially. † Bercow, J. (2008) The Bercow Report: A Review of Services for Children and Young People (0-19) with Speech, Language and Communication Needs, p. 13. Put simply, children and young people with SLCN find it difficult to communicate with others. This can be because of difficulties with speech, with talking, with understanding what is said to them or with interacting with other people around them. How well adults understand SLCN can have a really important effect on the impact SLCN make on children and young people’s lives. For some, language is the only difficulty they have; everything? else, like their cognitive and physical skills are ok. This can be called a primary or specific speech, language or communication difficulty or impairment. You may hear the term SLI (specific language impairment). For others, their SLCN are part of another condition. This can include things like learning difficulties, autism and hearing impairment. SLCN can be very severe and complex. The impacts for children and young people can be felt across all areas of their learning and development. Some children and young people have less severe forms of SLCN. This may be called delayed speech, language and communication. Children and young people are developing speech, language and communication in the same way? as others, following typical patterns of development, but at a slower rate. Defining Speech, Language and Communication Speech: refers to, saying sounds accurately and in the right places in words; speaking fluently, without hesitating, or prolonging or repeating words or sounds. Language: refers to speaking and understanding what is been said; using words to build up sentences, sentences to build up conversations and longer stretches of spoken words and making sense of what people say. Language is used to represent concepts and thoughts. Communication: refers to how we interact with others; Communication is a vital and continuing process. It is the means by which all humans make contact, share experiences, understand their world and find their place within it. Why are speech, language and communication skills important? Speech, language and communication skills are the building blocks for learning. Children use their knowledge of sounds in learning to read and spell. They use the words they know to understand what they hear, to share what they think and to ask questions. These words and concepts are vital for making sense of new information or ideas that they are finding out about. Children and young people’s interactions at school with adults and their peers are crucial in supporting their learning. Research has shown that in areas of social disadvantage, at least 50% of children have delayed language. (Locke, A. , Ginsborg, J. , and Peers, I. 2002) however, it’s important to note that children and young people from all areas and backgrounds can have delayed language. Clinical Pragmatics reflects an emerging awareness that some communication difficulties could not be attributed to ‘purely’ linguistic problems. For a long time before that, practicing speech and language therapists had worked with children and adults whose primary difficulties seemed to lie with the understanding and/or production of connected discourse. (‘Relevance Theory and Communication Disorders’ Eeva Leinonen and Nuala Ryder, 2008. ) Communication is the basis of our lives and we would in this day and age, be handicapped without it. Everyday we are communicating with each other in some way or another, be it by using words, actions or even expressions in conveying a message. Communication refers to the exchange of thoughts and ideas with the intention of conveying information. The purpose of communication is to convey one’s beliefs, ideas, thoughts, or needs with clarity so as to reach a consensus or a mutually acceptable solution. But there are factors that can either hinder or help us communicate effectively or not they can be physical or non- physical. The Physical- refers to the environment surrounding the participants in the communication process; for example: (good) good ventilation, chairs and other materials are properly arrange, temperature is set just right, the place or venue is presentable.. tc. (bad) a very noisy place, air pollution, the place is very dirty and the materials for the event is not properly arrange, poor ventilation and extreme temperature. Non physical- negative attitudes of both source and receiver are barriers to effective communication this comes in the form of disinterest, bigotry, arrogance, or negligence. Facilitating effective communication among children with SLCN A communication friendly environment should make communication as easy, effective and enjoyable as possible. It should provide opportunities for everyone to talk, listen, understand and take part. There are also simple ways you can make your classroom ‘communication friendly’. This might include thinking about: Space, light and layout? , Noise levels? , Using visual support? , Clear and consistent routines Whatever age you teach, whatever your subject, language is crucial. How many new words do you use in one day? How much do your classes talk with each other, work in groups or share what they have done with the rest of the class? How do you use language to instruct, explain, question and extend? How much written language is there too? The Cambridge Primary Review states: ‘the ways in which teachers talk to children can influence learning, memory, understanding and the motivation to learn. ’ The first step in identifying a pupil? who has SLCN is by someone noticing that they are struggling with their communication. As a teacher, you have a crucial role in being the ‘someone’ who spots these difficulties. Some ways to help improve communication? are using simple language? ; Use short chunks of language and; only include the important points; repeat and rephrase where necessary; slow your speech and insert more pauses; ? se shorter sentences? and, avoid difficult words. This will support the communication development t? of all children and young ? people but for some, more specialist interventions will be needed by suitably qualified and experienced professionals e. g. SLT’s and specialist teachers. This might be through a recognized programme such? as the Nuffield Dyspraxia Programme, Language ? through reading or social ? use of Language Programme, or through a combination of approaches tailored to suit the individual child. Communication may be supported through AAC ? uch as signing, use of low- tech strategies such as Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) or an electronic voice output device. This will also mean that adults supporting these children will need specialist skills and training. Conclusion With the right support at the right time, children and young people with SLCN can have their needs understood, identified and supported. This will enable them to engage positively with learning and socializing, to develop independence and a positive self-image and to experience a wide range of life chances.

Spirit Bound Chapter Six

â€Å"YOU KNOW WHAT WE NEED?† I was sitting between Eddie and Lissa, on our flight from Seattle to Fairbanks. As the shortest–marginally–and the mastermind, I'd gotten stuck with the middle seat. â€Å"A new plan?† asked Lissa. â€Å"A miracle?† asked Eddie. I paused and glared at them both before responding. Since when had they become the comedians here? â€Å"No. Stuff. We need cool gadgets if we're going to pull this off.† I tapped the prison blueprint that had been on my lap for almost every part of our trip so far. Mikhail had dropped us off at a small airport an hour away from the Court. We'd caught a commuter flight from there to Philadelphia, and from there to Seattle and now Fairbanks. It reminded me a little of the crazy flights I'd had to take from Siberia back to the U.S. That journey had also gone via Seattle. I was starting to believe that city was a gateway to obscure places. â€Å"I thought the only tools we needed were our wits,† mused Eddie. He might be serious about his guardian work most of the time, but he could also turn on his dry humor when relaxed. Not that he was totally at ease with our mission here, now that he knew more of (but not all) the details. I knew he'd snap back into readiness once we landed. He'd been understandably shocked when I'd revealed we were freeing Victor Dashkov. I hadn't told Eddie anything about Dimitri or spirit, only that getting Victor out played a larger role in the greater good. Eddie's trust in me was so implicit that he'd taken me at my word and pursued the issue no further. I wondered how he'd react when he learned the truth. â€Å"At the very least, we're going to need a GPS,† I said. â€Å"There's only latitude and longitude on this thing. No real directions.† â€Å"Shouldn't be hard,† said Lissa, turning a bracelet over and over in her hands. She'd opened her tray and spread out Tasha's jewelry across it. â€Å"I'm sure even Alaska has modern technology.† She'd also turned on a droll attitude, even with anxiety radiating through the bond. Eddie's good mood faded a little. â€Å"I hope you aren't thinking of guns or anything like that.† â€Å"No. Absolutely not. If this works how we want, no one will even know we're there.† A physical confrontation was likely, but I hoped to minimize serious injury. Lissa sighed and handed me the bracelet. She was worried because a lot of my plan depended on her charms–literally and figuratively. â€Å"I don't know if this'll work, but maybe it'll give you more resistance.† I took the bracelet and slipped it on my wrist. I felt nothing, but I only rarely did with charmed objects. I'd left Adrian a note saying that Lissa and I had wanted to escape for a â€Å"girls' getaway† before my assignment and her college visit. I knew he'd be hurt. The girl angle would carry a lot of weight, but he'd feel injured at not being invited along on a daring vacation–if he even believed we were on one. He probably knew me well enough by now to guess most of my actions had ulterior motives. My hope was that he'd spread the story to Court officials when our disappearance was noticed. We'd still get in trouble, but a wild weekend was better than a prison break. And honestly, how could things get worse for me? The one flaw here was that Adrian could visit my dreams and grill me on what was really going on. It was one of the more interesting–and occasionally annoying–spirit abilities. Lissa hadn't learned to walk dreams, but she had a crude underst anding of the principle. Between that and compulsion, she'd tried to charm the bracelet in a way that would block Adrian when I slept later. The plane began its descent into Fairbanks, and I gazed out the window at tall pines and stretches of green land. In Lissa's thoughts, I read how she'd been half-expecting glaciers and snowbanks, despite knowing it was full summer here. After Siberia, I'd learned to keep an open mind about regional stereotypes. My biggest concern was the sun. It had been full daylight when we'd left the Court, and as our travels took us west, the time zone change meant that the sun stayed with us. Now, though it was almost nine in the evening, we had a full, sunny blue sky, thanks to our northern latitude. It was like a giant safety blanket. I hadn't mentioned this to Lissa or Eddie, but it seemed likely Dimitri would have spies everywhere. I was untouchable at St. Vladimir's and the Court, but his letters had clearly stated he'd be waiting for me to leave those boundaries. I didn't know the extent of his logistics, but humans watching the Court in daylight wouldn't have surprised me. And even though I'd left hidden in a trunk, there was a strong possibility that Dimitri was already in pursuit. But the same light that guarded the prisoners would keep us safe too. We'd barely have a few hours of night to guard against, and if we pulled this off quickly, we'd be out of Alaska in hardly any time at all. Of course, that might not be such a good thing. We'd lose the sun. Our first complication came after we landed and tried to rent a car. Eddie and I were eighteen, but none of the car companies would rent to anyone so young. After the third refusal, my anger began to grow. Who would have thought we'd be delayed by something so idiotic? Finally, at a fourth counter, the woman hesitantly told us that there was a guy about a mile from the airport who would likely rent us a car if we had a credit card and a big enough deposit. We made the walk in pleasant weather, but I could tell the sun was starting to bother Lissa by the time we reached our destination. Bud–of Bud's Rental Cars–didn't seem quite as sleazy as expected and did indeed rent us a car when we produced enough money. From there, we got a room at a modest motel and went over our plans again. All our information indicated that the prison ran on a vampire schedule, which meant this was their active time of the day. Our plan was to stay in the hotel until the following day, when the Moroi â€Å"night† came, and catch some sleep beforehand. It gave Lissa more time to work on her charms. Our room was easily defendable. My sleep was Adrian-free, for which I was grateful, meaning he'd either accepted the girl trip or couldn't break through Lissa's bracelet. In the morning, we rustled up some doughnuts for breakfast and ate a little bleary-eyed. Running against our vampire schedule was throwing us all off a little. The sugar helped kick-start us, though, and Eddie and I left Lissa around ten to go do some scouting. We bought my coveted GPS and a few other things at a sporting goods store along the way and used it to navigate remote country roads that seemed to lead nowhere. When the GPS claimed we were a mile from the prison, we pulled off to the side of a small dirt road and set off on foot across a field of tall grass that stretched endlessly before us. â€Å"I thought Alaska was tundra,† said Eddie, crunching through the tall stalks. The sky was blue and clear again, with only a few clouds that did nothing to keep the sun away. I'd started out in a light jacket but now had it tied around my waist as I sweated. Occasionally a welcome gust of wind would roll through, flattening the grass and whipping my hair around. â€Å"I guess not all parts. Or maybe we have to go further north. Oh, hey. This looks promising.† We came to a stop before a high, barbwire fence with an enormous PRIVATE PROPERTY–NO UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ALLOWED sign on it. The lettering was red, apparently to emphasize how serious they were. Personally, I would have added a skull and crossbones to really drive the message home. Eddie and I studied the fence for a few moments, then gave each other resigned glances. â€Å"Lissa will heal up anything we get,† I said hopefully. Climbing barbed wire isn't impossible, but it's not fun. Tossing my jacket on the wires I had to grip went a long way to protect me, but I still ended up with some scratches and snagged clothing. Once I was at the top, I jumped down, preferring the jolting landing to another climb down. Eddie did the same, grimacing at the hard impact. We walked a little farther, and then the dark line of a building came into sight. We both came to a halt as one and knelt down, seeking what coverage we could in the grass. The prison file had indicated that they had cameras on the outside, which meant we risked detection if we got too close. I'd bought high-power binoculars along with the GPS and took them out now, studying the building's exterior. The binoculars were good–really good–as well they should have been for the price. The level of detail was amazing. Like so many Moroi creations, the building was a mixture of the old and the new. The walls were made of sinister gray stone blocks and almost entirely obscured the actual prison, whose roof just barely peeped above. A couple of figures paced along the top of the walls, living eyes to go with the cameras. The place looked like a fortress, impenetrable and inescapable. It deserved to be on a rocky cliff, with a sinister black sky behind it. The field and sun seemed out of place. I handed the binoculars to Eddie. He made his own assessment and then gestured to the left. â€Å"There.† Squinting, I just barely made out a truck or SUV driving up toward the prison. It went around the back and vanished from sight. â€Å"Our only way in,† I murmured, recalling the blueprint. We knew we had no shot of scaling the walls or even getting close enough on foot without being spotted. We needed to literally walk through the front door, and that's where the plan got a little sketchy. Eddie lowered the binoculars and glanced over at me, brow furrowed. â€Å"I meant what I said before, you know. I trust you. Whatever reason you're doing this, I know it's a good one. But before things start moving, are you sure this is what you want?† I gave a harsh laugh. â€Å"Want? No. But it's what we need to do.† He nodded. â€Å"Good enough.† We watched the prison a while longer, moving around to get different angles while still keeping a wide perimeter. The scenario was about what we'd expected, but having a 3-D visual was still helpful. After about a half hour, we returned to the hotel. Lissa sat cross-legged on one of the beds, still working on the charms. The feelings coming through her were warm and content. Spirit always made her feel good–even if it had side effects later–and she thought she was making progress. â€Å"Adrian called my cell phone twice,† she told me when we entered. â€Å"But you didn't answer?† â€Å"Nope. Poor guy.† I shrugged. â€Å"It's better this way.† We gave her a rundown of what we'd seen, and her happy mood began to plummet. Our visit made what we were going to do later today more and more real, and working with so much spirit had already put her on edge. A few moments later, I sensed her swallowing her fear. She became resolved. She'd told me she would do this and she intended to stand by her word, even though she dreaded each second that brought her closer to Victor Dashkov. Lunch followed, and then a few hours later, it was time to put the plan into motion. It was early evening for humans, which meant the vampiric night would be drawing to an end soon. It was now or never. Lissa nervously distributed the charms she'd made for us, worried they wouldn't work. Eddie dressed up in his newly bestowed black-and-white guardian formalwear while Lissa and I stayed in our street clothes–with a couple alterations. Lissa's hair was a mousy brown, the result of some wash-in temporary hair color. My hair was tightly bound up underneath a curly red wig that reminded me uncomfortably of my mother. We sat in the backseat of the car while Eddie drove us chauffeur style back along the remote road we'd followed earlier. Unlike before, we didn't pull over. We stayed on the road, driving right up to the prison–or, well, to its gatehouse. No one spoke as we drove, but the tension and anxiety within us all grew and grew. Before we could even get near the outer wall, there was a checkpoint manned by a guardian. Eddie brought the car to a stop, and I tried to look calm. He lowered the window, and the guardian on duty walked over and knelt so that they were at eye level. â€Å"What's your business here?† Eddie handed over a piece of paper, his attitude confident and unconcerned, as though this were perfectly normal. â€Å"Dropping off new feeders.† The file had contained all sorts of forms and papers for prison business, including status reports and order forms for supplies–like feeders. We'd made a copy of one of the feeder requisition forms and filled it out. â€Å"I wasn't notified of a delivery,† the guardian said, not suspicious so much as puzzled. He peered at the paperwork. â€Å"This is an old form.† Eddie shrugged. â€Å"It's just what they gave me. I'm kind of new at this.† The man grinned. â€Å"Yeah, you barely look old enough to be out of school.† He glanced toward Lissa and me, and despite my practiced control, I tensed. The guardian frowned as he studied us. Lissa had given me a necklace, and she'd taken a ring, both charmed with a slight compulsion spell to make others think we were human. It would have been much easier to make her victim wear a charm and force them to think they were seeing humans, but that wasn't possible. The magic was harder this way. He squinted, almost like he was looking at us through a haze. If the charms had worked perfectly, he wouldn't have given us a second glance. The charms were a little flawed. They were changing our appearances but not quite as clearly as we'd hoped. That was why we'd gone to the trouble of altering our hair: if the human-illusion failed, we'd still have some identity protection. Lissa readied herself to work direct compulsion, though we'd hoped it wouldn't come to that with every person we met. A few moments later, the guardian turned from us, apparently deciding we were human after all. I exhaled and unclenched my fists. I hadn't even realized I'd been holding them. â€Å"Hang on a minute, and I'll call this in,† he told Eddie. The guardian stepped away and picked up a phone inside his booth. Eddie glanced back at us. â€Å"So far so good?† â€Å"Aside from the old form,† I grumbled. â€Å"No way to know if my charm's working?† asked Eddie. Lissa had given him one of Tasha's rings, charmed to make him appear tan-skinned and black-haired. Since she wasn't altering his race, the magic only needed to blur his features. Like our human charms, I suspected it wasn't projecting the exact image she'd hoped for, but it should have altered his appearance enough that no one would identify Eddie later. With our resistance to compulsion–and knowing there was a charm in place, which negated its effects on us–Lissa and I couldn't say for certain what he looked like to others. â€Å"I'm sure it's fine,† said Lissa reassuringly. The guardian returned. â€Å"They say go on in, and they'll sort it out there.† â€Å"Thanks,† said Eddie, taking the form back. The guard's attitude implied that he assumed this was a clerical error. He was still diligent, but the idea of someone sneaking feeders into a prison was hardly the kind of thing one would expect–or view as a security risk. Poor guy. Two guardians greeted us when we arrived at the door in the prison's wall. The three of us got out and were led into the grounds between the wall and the prison itself. Whereas St. Vladimir's and the Court's grounds had been lush and filled with plants and trees, the land here was stark and lonely. Not even grass, just hard-packed earth. Was this what served as the prisoners' â€Å"exercise area†? Were they even allowed outside at all? I was surprised there wasn't a moat of some sort out here. The inside of the building was as grim as its exterior. The holding cells at Court were sterile and cold, all metal and blank walls. I'd expected something similar. But whoever had designed Tarasov had foregone the modern look and instead emulated the kind of prison one might have found back in Romania in medieval days. The harsh stone walls continued down the hall, gray and foreboding, and the air was chill and damp. It had to make for unpleasant working conditions for the guardians assigned here. Presumably they wanted to ensure the intimidating facade extended everywhere, even for prisoners first entering the gates. According to our blueprint, there was a little section of dorms where employees lived. Hopefully those were nicer. Dark Ages decor or not, we passed the occasional camera as we walked down the hallway. This place's security was in no way primitive. Occasionally we heard the heavy slamming of a door, but overall, there was a perfect, eerie silence that was almost creepier than shouts and screams. We were taken to the warden's office, a room that still had the same gloomy architecture yet was filled with the usual administrative accessories: desk, computer, etc. It looked efficient, nothing more. Our escorts explained that we were going to see the assistant warden, since the senior one was still in bed. It figured. The subordinate would have gotten stuck with the night shift. I hoped that meant he was tired and unobservant. Probably not. That rarely happened to guardians, no matter their assignments. â€Å"Theo Marx,† said the assistant warden, shaking Eddie's hand. He was a dhampir not much older than us, and I wondered if he'd only been freshly assigned here. â€Å"Larry Brown,† replied Eddie. We'd come up with a boring name for him, one that wouldn't stand out, and had used it in the paperwork. Theo didn't speak to Lissa and me, but he did give us that same puzzled glance the first guy had as the charm's glamour attempted its illusion. Another delay followed, but once more, we slipped through. Theo returned his attention to Eddie and took the requisition form. â€Å"This is different from the usual one,† he said. â€Å"I have no clue,† said Eddie apologetically. â€Å"This is my first time.† Theo sighed and glanced at the clock. â€Å"The warden'll be on duty in another couple hours. I think we're just going to have to wait until he's here to figure out what's going on. Sommerfield's usually got their act together.† There were a few Moroi facilities in the country that gathered feeders–those on the fringes of human society who were content to spend their lives high on vampire endorphins–and then distributed them. Sommerfield was the name of one such facility, located in Kansas City. â€Å"I'm not the only new person they just received,† Eddie said. â€Å"Maybe someone got confused.† â€Å"Typical,† snorted Theo. â€Å"Well, you might as well have a seat and wait. I can get coffee if you want.† â€Å"When are we getting a feeding?† I suddenly asked, using the whiniest, dreamiest voice I could. â€Å"It's been so long.† Lissa followed my lead. â€Å"They said we could when we got here.† Eddie rolled his eyes at what was typical feeder behavior. â€Å"They've been like this the whole time.† â€Å"I can imagine,† said Theo. â€Å"Humph. Feeders.† The door to his office was partially ajar and he called out of it. â€Å"Hey, Wes? Can you come here?† One of the escort guardians stuck his head inside. â€Å"Yeah?† Theo gave us a dismissive wave. â€Å"Take these two down to the feeding area so they don't drive us crazy. If someone's up, they can use them.† Wes nodded and beckoned us out. Eddie and I made the briefest of eye contact. His face betrayed nothing, but I knew he was nervous. Getting Victor out was our job now, and Eddie didn't like sending us to the dragon's lair. Wes led us through more doors and security checkpoints as we went deeper into the prison. I realized that for every layer of security I crossed to get in, I was going to have to cross it again to escape. According to the blueprint, the feeding area was situated on the opposite side of the prison. I'd assumed we'd take some route along the periphery, but instead we cut right through the building's center–where the prisoners were kept. Studying had given me a sense of the layout, but Lissa didn't realize where we were headed until a sign alerted us: WARNING–NOW ENTERING PRISONER AREA (CRIMINAL). I thought that was an odd wording. Wasn't everyone in here a criminal? Heavy double doors blocked this section off, and Wes used both an electronic code and a physical key to cross through. Lissa's pace didn't change, but I felt her anxiety increase as we entered a long corridor lined with bar-covered cells. I didn't feel any better about it myself, but Wes–while still alert–didn't display any sign of fear. He entered this area all the time, I realized. He knew its security. The prisoners might be dangerous, but passing by them was a routine activity for him. Still, peeking inside the cells nearly made my heart stop. The little compartments were as dark and gloomy as anything, containing only bare-bones furnishings. Most of the prisoners were asleep, thankfully. A few, however, watched as we walked by. None of them said anything, but the silence was almost scarier. Some of the Moroi held there looked like ordinary people you'd pass on the street, and I wondered what they could have possibly done to end up here. Their faces were sad, devoid of all hope. I did a double take and realized that some of the prisoners weren't Moroi; they were dhampirs. It made sense but still caught me off guard. My own kind would have criminals that needed to be dealt with, too. But not all of the prisoners appeared benign. Others looked like they definitely belonged in Tarasov. There was a malevolence about them, a sinister feel as their eyes locked onto us and didn't let go. They scrutinized our every detail, though for what reason, I couldn't say. Were they seeking out anything that might offer escape? Could they see through our facades? Were they simply hungry? I didn't know but felt grateful for the silent guardians posted throughout the hall. I was also grateful that I didn't see Victor and assumed he lived in a different hall. We couldn't risk being recognized yet. We finally exited the prisoners' corridor through another set of double doors and at last reached the feeding area. It too felt like a medieval dungeon, but images had to be kept up for the sake of the prisoners. Decor aside, the feeding room's layout was similar to what St. Vladimir's had, except it was smaller. A few cubicles offered moderate privacy, and a bored-looking Moroi guy was reading a book at a desk but looked ready to fall asleep. There was only one feeder in the room, a scraggly-looking, middle-aged human who sat in a chair with a dopey smile on his face, staring at nothing. The Moroi flinched when we entered, his eyes going wide. Clearly, we were the most exciting thing to happen to him all night. He didn't have that moment of disorientation when he glanced at us; he apparently had low compulsion resistance, which was good to know. â€Å"What's this?† â€Å"Two new ones just came in,† said Wes. â€Å"But we're not due,† said the Moroi. â€Å"And we never get ones this young. They always give us the old, used-up ones.† â€Å"Don't ask me,† said Wes, moving toward the door once he'd indicated seats for Lissa and me. It was clear he found escorting feeders beneath him. â€Å"Marx wants them here until Sullivan gets up. My guess is it's going to turn out to be a mistake, but they were complaining about needing a fix.† â€Å"Wonderful,† groaned the Moroi. â€Å"Well, our next meal's due in fifteen minutes, so I can give Bradley over there a break. He's so gone, I doubt he'd notice if someone else gave blood instead of him.† Wes nodded. â€Å"We'll call down when we've got this straight.† The guardian left, and the Moroi picked up a clipboard with a sigh. I had the feeling everyone here was kind of tired of their jobs. I could understand why. This had to be a miserable place to work. Give me the wider world anytime. â€Å"Who's due to feed in fifteen minutes?† I asked. The Moroi's head jerked up in astonishment. It wasn't the kind of question a feeder asked. â€Å"What did you say?† Lissa stood up and got him in her gaze. â€Å"Answer her question.† The man's face went slack. He was easy to compel. â€Å"Rudolf Kaiser.† No one either of us recognized. He could have been in here for mass murder or embezzlement for all I knew. â€Å"When's Victor Dashkov due?† asked Lissa. â€Å"Two hours.† â€Å"Alter the schedule. Tell his guards there's been a readjustment and he has to come now instead of Rudolf.† The Moroi's blank eyes–now as dazed looking as Bradley the feeder's, really–seemed to take a moment to process this. â€Å"Yes,† he said. â€Å"This is something that might happen normally. It won't raise suspicion.† â€Å"It won't raise suspicion,† he repeated in a monotone. â€Å"Do it,† she ordered, voice hard. â€Å"Call them, set it up, and do not take your eyes off of me.† The Moroi complied. While speaking on the phone, he identified himself as Northwood. When he disconnected, the arrangements had been made. We had nothing to do but wait now. My entire body was tightly wound with tension. Theo had said we had over an hour until the warden was on duty. No one would ask questions until then. Eddie simply had to kill time with Theo and not raise suspicions behind a paperwork error. Calm down, Rose. You can do this. While we waited, Lissa compelled Bradley the feeder into a heavy sleep. I didn't want any witnesses, even not drugged ones. Likewise, I turned the room's camera ever so slightly, so it no longer could see the bulk of the room. Naturally, we'd have to deal with the prison's entire surveillance system before we left, but for now, we needed no watching security personnel to catch sight of what was about to happen. I had just settled into one of the cubicles when the door opened. Lissa had stayed in her chair near Northwood's desk, so that she could keep her compulsion on him. We'd instructed him that I would be the feeder. I was enclosed, but through Lissa's sight, I saw the group enter: two guardians†¦ and Victor Dashkov. The same distress she'd felt when seeing him at her trial shot up within her. Her heart rate increased. Her hands shook. The only thing that had finally calmed her back at the trial was the resolution of it all, knowing Victor would be locked away forever and unable to hurt her again. And now we were about to change all that. Forcibly, Lissa shoved her fear out of her mind so that she could keep her hold on Northwood. The guardians beside Victor were stern and ready for action, though they didn't really need to be. The sickness that had plagued him for years–the one Lissa had temporarily healed him of–was starting to rear its head again. Lack of exercise and fresh air appeared to have taken a toll too, as had the limited blood prisoners were supposedly given. The guards had him clad in shackles as an extra precaution, and the heavy weight dragged him down, almost making him shuffle. â€Å"Over there,† said Northwood, pointing at me. â€Å"That one.† The guardians led Victor past Lissa, and he barely gave her a second glance. She was working double compulsion: keeping Northwood under her control and using a quick burst to make herself insignificant to Victor when he walked by. The guardians settled him into a chair beside me and then stepped back, still keeping him in sight. One of them struck up conversation with Northwood, noting our newness and youth. If I ever did this again, I'd have Lissa charm us into looking older. Sitting beside me, Victor leaned toward me and opened his mouth. Feedings were so second nature, the motions always the same, that he hardly had to think about what he did. It was like he didn't even see me. Except, then†¦ he did. He froze, his eyes going wide. Certain characteristics marked the royal Moroi families, and light, jade-green eyes ran amongst both the Dashkovs and the Dragomirs. The weary, resigned look in his disappeared, and the cunning sharpness that so characterized him–the shrewd intellect I knew well–snapped into place. It reminded me eerily of some of the prisoners we'd passed earlier. But he was confused. Like the other people we'd encountered, my charm was muddling his thoughts. His senses told him I was a human†¦ yet the illusion wasn't perfect. There was also the fact that Victor, as a strong non-spirit compulsion wielder, was relatively resistant to it. And just as Eddie, Lissa, and I had been immune to one another's charms because we knew our true identities, Victor experienced the same effect. His mind might insist that I was human, but his eyes told him I was Rose Hathaway, even with my wig. And once that knowledge was solidified, the human illusion disappeared for him. A slow, intrigued smile spread over his face, blatantly displaying his fangs. â€Å"Oh my. This might be the best meal I've ever had.† His voice was barely audible, covered by the conversation of the others. â€Å"Put your teeth anywhere near me and it'll be your last meal,† I murmured, voice just as quiet. â€Å"But if you want any chance of getting out of here and seeing the world again, you'll do exactly what I say.† He gave me a questioning look. I took a deep breath, dreading what I had to say next. â€Å"Attack me.†

Independence Air Project

Independence air was not the original name of the airline. It was formerly known as the Atlantic Coast Airlines. The airline originally operated in collaboration with United Airlines and Delta Airlines Inc. It was a contract carrier for the two older companies.However, Atlantic Coast decided to operate independently when United attempted to reduce Atlantic’s fee under the new contract. After the first flight to Atlanta was fully booked, Independence Air expanded the business into most states of the East Coast. In the West Coast the company operated only in a few major cities.I.2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Target Market, Strengths and WeaknessesThe company is a Low Cost Carrier, which means that the target market is from the segment with price oriented perspectives. The company started by expanding the service into the eastern cost of the continent because the managers believed that the locations possess more opportunities for Independence Air (Laura, 2005).However, the company also maintained existence in the west coast of the continent by providing routes for major airports in the region. The original business model of the company was based on two core qualities: rock bottom fares and internet marketing services. It was originally a success because most of the 600 daily flights to 37 destinations were fully booked (Laura, 2005).Nevertheless, as the months go by, the number of flights was slashed down to only 200 a day (‘Flyi’, 2006; ‘Final Boarding Call, 2006).The strengths of the model mentioned above were no match for the problems within the LCC industry at the time. Increasing fuel cost and continued competition from many airlines including the former partner, United Airlines, stripped the company from its profits (Downfall, 2006).I.3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marketing MixI.3.1.  Ã‚   Product/serviceThe company is a Low Cost Carrier airline, which generally means that the company provided air travel services with the cheapest prices possib le. In case of the Independence Air, managers and employees of the company are dedicated to creating a low-fare airline based on these six philosophies:1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about the customer first;2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am genuine;3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about integrity;4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am about operational excellence;5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am innovative;6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I am enthusiastic. The six philosophies have a core purpose of creating the corporate image as ‘the official airline of fast, easy and less expensive’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (‘Independence Air’, 2005)I.3.2.  Ã‚   PriceArticles from various writers who wrote about the company stated that it has ‘rock-bottom fares’. The company offers one of the cheapest fares in the continent. In terms of price, the company has the philosophy of ensuring customers to feel that ‘I can fly on my budget’.In order to reach such goal, besides providing cheap flights, the airline also simplified their fare structure into four fare types. The purpose is to create an easy to understand fare system and easy to book (‘Independence Air’, 2005).I.3.3.  Ã‚   PromotionIn order to promote quality of its flight services, the company operated based on two philosophies, which is to ensure the consumer believed that: 1) they can fly on their own schedule and 2) they can fly their own way (‘Independence Air’, 2005).In order to support the implementation of these philosophies, the company established hundreds of non-stop flights to 37 destinations. The company also order planes with new seat designs and new cabin designs the will provide customers with the most convenient flight in the industry of air travel (‘Independence Air’, 2005).It was recorded that the CEO spent significant amount of corporate money on advertising and community sponsorships. The CEO hired people from various media-related professions to p romote the birth of the company. Some of these people are: political consultant Carville and his wife, the comedian Dennis Miller, soccer star Mia Hamm and musician Chuck Berry.I.3.4.  Ã‚   PlaceThe company preferred electronic means to promote their services rather than traditional means. The most prominent promotional and the sales channel is the internet, along with an 800 number which makes it easier for people to book flights with the airline.I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Causes of BankruptcyThere are several analyses on what causes the bankruptcy of the low cost carrier. This particular case study is deemed interesting for many scholars because of its peculiarity. Low Cost Carriers are deemed as the future of the airline industry.However, the case of independence air revealed the fact that there are other factors in the airline business than just price. According to an article by the Boyd Group, people are often unable to separate between facts and myths in the airline business. Here are several examples: ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite the popular opinion that the LCC model introduced by the famous Southwest airline is very much profitable, analysts believed that the mode is actually not profitable once the fuel price exceeds $2 per gallon ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As mentioned previously, many considered that LCC is the future of the airline industry for modern countries. Nevertheless, further analysis revealed that the picture looks worsen as the airline industry goes forward.The most prominent theory is the ‘over-capacity theory. The LCC model has very low margin, which means it requires each airline to have sufficiently large market share in order to remain profitable.Nevertheless, with the appearance of new airlines and new competitors, many predicted that their planes should have bumped into each other, in the sense that they will soon run out of sources of revenue. ·Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another misperception of the condition in the airline industry is the notion that LCC will always outlast a legacy airline. It as reported that in the second quarter of 2005, Americana and Continental Airlines, two of the largest legacy airlines in the United States declared considerable profit.The fundamentals are revealed, the issue is not only cost, but also revenues. Well after the September 11th tragedy, customers have regain their trust to the airline industry and some of them return to their consuming routine of searching for ‘convenience’ in flying.If the LCC do not enhance its ability in providing higher quality services, some legacy airlines will take away their customers easily.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (The Boyd group, 2005)In the particular case of the Independence airline, it is stated that the main cause of their failure is because there are already too many competing airlines offering routes on similar rout es and racing to offer passengers with the lowest possible fares.The market system caused prices to go even lower every time a new airline is entering the industry (Nance, 2006; ‘Independence Air’, 2006).